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United States v. Noriega

746 F. Supp. 1506 (1990)

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United States v. Noriega

United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida
746 F. Supp. 1506 (1990)

EP

Facts

General Manuel Antonio Noriega, head of the Panamanian National Guard’s intelligence branch and commander in chief of the Panamanian Defense Forces, and Lt. Col. Luis Del Cid (defendants) were indicted by a federal grand jury for 12 crimes related to international cocaine trafficking from Panama, Colombia, and Cuba into the United States. Noriega was charged with racketeering, conspiracy, and aiding and abetting related to the distribution, transport, and manufacturing of cocaine. Acting in his official capacity, Noriega guarded drug shipments and laboratories and provided safe refuge and travel to Medellin Cartel members for personal profit. Noriega assisted in smuggling over 2,000 lbs. of cocaine into Miami and purchased a jet in Miami to launder drug proceeds back to Panama after the sale of the drugs in the United States. Del Cid, Noriega’s secretary, was charged for his assistance in narcotics trafficking. Noriega moved to dismiss the charges, arguing that the United States lacked jurisdiction over him as a foreign government leader who was immune from criminal charges and because his criminal acts were undertaken outside the United States.

Rule of Law

Issue

Holding and Reasoning (Hoeveler, J.)

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