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1What is artificial insemination?
2In general, do the donors of sperm used in artificial insemination have any parental rights or obligations regarding the children who are born as a...
3Despite the general rule that a sperm donor is not a legal parent, will some states recognize an agreement between the donor and the mother that th...
4If a woman undertakes artificial insemination without a physician’s supervision, using a known sperm donor, will some states find the donor to be t...
5Will some states enforce a contract between a woman and a known sperm donor that relinquishes the donor’s parental rights in exchange for the woman...
6A man donated sperm to a woman at his home, without sexual intercourse. The woman later used the sperm to impregnate herself at her own home. The w...
7In general, if a child born to a married woman was conceived by use of artificial insemination, is the woman’s husband considered to be the child’s...
8Will some courts infer that a husband consents to his wife’s use of artificial insemination if the husband knows of the wife’s use of the procedure...
9Under the Uniform Parentage Act (UPA), may a woman’s same-sex partner be considered the legal parent of a child conceived through artificial insemi...
10Under the UPA, under what circumstances is a person deemed to consent to a woman’s use of artificial insemination with the intent to be a parent to...
11Under the UPA, under what circumstances may a woman’s spouse dispute parentage of a child who was conceived through artificial insemination?
12A mother, who was legally married to a woman, underwent clinical artificial insemination with sperm from an anonymous donor. The mother gave birth ...
13Two women were in a same-sex partnership that was not a legal marriage. One of the women conceived a child through clinical artificial insemination...
14A woman was the biological mother of a child who was conceived via a sperm donor who had legally waived his parental rights to the child. The mothe...
15What is in vitro fertilization (IVF)?
16What is gestational surrogacy?
17What is a gestational-surrogacy agreement?
18Do some states refuse to enforce gestational-surrogacy agreements?
19Are gestational-surrogacy agreements enforceable in many states and under the UPA?
20Under the UPA, what are the eligibility requirements for the parties to form a valid gestational-surrogacy agreement?
21Under the UPA, must a gestational-surrogacy agreement be contained in a signed, notarized writing?
22Under the UPA, if a gestational surrogate has a spouse when the agreement is executed, must the spouse be a party to the agreement?
23Under the UPA, must the intended parents pay the gestational surrogate’s legal fees for the surrogacy process?
24Under the UPA, by what stage of the surrogacy process must a gestational-surrogacy agreement be executed?
25Under the UPA, must a gestational-surrogacy agreement allow the gestational surrogate to make all health and welfare decisions regarding herself an...
26Under the UPA, if a gestational surrogate or an intended parent marries after executing the surrogacy agreement, does the marriage affect the child...
27Under the UPA, may a gestational surrogate be compensated for the surrogacy?
28Do a few states allow uncompensated gestational-surrogacy agreements while disallowing compensated gestational-surrogacy agreements?
29Under the UPA, under what conditions may a party to a gestational-surrogacy agreement terminate the agreement?
30Under the UPA, if an intended parent under a gestational-surrogacy agreement dies after an embryo transfer but before the child’s birth, is the dec...
31In general, under the UPA, if an intended parent under a gestational-surrogacy agreement dies before an embryo transfer, is the deceased deemed to ...
32Under the UPA, may a party to a surrogacy agreement obtain a judgment to declare the child’s parentage and enforce the agreement?
33A male same-sex couple wished to become parents. The couple entered a valid gestational-surrogacy agreement with a woman who agreed to be their ges...
34Do states that enforce gestational-surrogacy agreements typically allow pre-birth and post-birth orders?
35Under the UPA, may the intended parents obtain specific performance of any provision in a surrogacy agreement that requires the surrogate to be imp...
36What is genetic surrogacy, as distinguished from gestational surrogacy?
37Do some states refuse to recognize genetic-surrogacy agreements while recognizing gestational-surrogacy agreements?
38Does the UPA recognize both gestational surrogacy and genetic surrogacy?
39A genetic surrogate was inseminated with the intended father’s sperm under a valid genetic-surrogacy agreement. The surrogate became pregnant and g...
40May a state uphold some portions of a traditional surrogacy contract but strike down other portions of the surrogacy contract?
41A gestational surrogate entered a gestational-surrogacy agreement with a married couple. The agreement complied with all legal prerequisites for it...
42Under the UPA, is a valid gestational-surrogacy agreement sufficient to make the intended parents the sole legally recognized parents of the child?
43A married couple wished to become parents but were unable to have children. The couple contracted with a woman to be a gestational surrogate and be...
44Under the UPA, if a child born to a gestational surrogate turns out to be the genetic child of the gestational surrogate, how is parentage determined?
45Under the UPA, if a clinical or laboratory error in the surrogacy process results in the birth of a child who is not genetically related to the int...
46In general, does a woman who anonymously donates eggs for IVF have any parental rights or obligations as to the resulting children?
47Will some states enforce a contract between a woman and a known egg donor that relinquishes the donor’s parental rights in exchange for the woman’s...
48A woman decided to become pregnant by IVF. The woman planned to have an embryo formed from her husband’s sperm and a donor’s egg implanted in her u...
49In general, if a married woman gives birth to a child who was conceived through IVF using a donor egg, is the woman’s husband considered to be the ...
50Under the UPA, under what circumstances may a woman’s spouse dispute parentage of a child who was conceived through IVF?
51Will some courts infer that a husband consents to his wife’s use of IVF if the husband knows of the wife’s use of the procedure and does not object?
52Under the UPA, can a woman’s same-sex partner be considered to be the legal parent of a child conceived through IVF?
53Under the UPA, under what circumstances is a person deemed to consent to a woman’s use of IVF with the intent to be a parent to the woman’s child?
54Will some states recognize the legal parentage of a woman who gives birth to a child conceived from her female partner’s egg?
55What is the contractual model for determining the ownership of frozen embryos retained after IVF?
56What is the contemporaneous-mutual-consent model for determining the ownership of frozen embryos retained after IVF?
57What is the balancing model for determining the ownership of frozen embryos retained after IVF?
58What are the three primary models for determining the ownership of frozen embryos retained after IVF?
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58 cards