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Horizontal Agreements

Learn about agreements between competitors to restrain trade.

Transcript

In this lesson, we’ll learn about agreements between competitors to restrain trade. 

I.               Horizontal Agreements

Section 1 of the Sherman Act regulates horizontal agreements, that is, agreements formed by two or more competitors that restrain trade, also known as a cartel.

Cartels emerge when a market is oligopolistic. An oligopolistic market is one in which there are multiple competitors that...

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Lessons

    • 1. Welcome to Antitrust
    • Welcome to Antitrust
    2. The Origins and Economics of Antitrust Law
    3. The Scope of Antitrust Law
    • Interstate Commerce, Overseas Commerce, and Organized Labor
    • State Action
    • First Amendment and Other Immunities
    4. Horizontal Restraints
    • Defining the Market
    • Horizontal Agreements
    • Per Se Violations
    • The Rule of Reason
    5. Vertical Restraints
    • Vertical Agreements
    • Resale Price Maintenance
    • Vertical Market Allocation
    • Tying Arrangements
    • Exclusive Dealing
    6. Monopolization
    • Monopolies and Monopolization
    • Monopolistic Practices
    • Monopolization, Attempted Monopolization, and Conspiracy to Monopolize
    7. Price Discrimination
    • Pure Price Discrimination
    • Brokerage Practices and Promotional Allowance Discrimination
    • Liability and Affirmative Defenses
    8. Mergers and Antitrust Enforcement
    • Mergers
    • Merger Review
    • Antitrust: Private Rights of Action
    • Antitrust: Public Enforcement
    9. Global Competition Law and Patents
    • Global Competition Law
    • Patents
    • Patent Licensing