Foundation on Economic Trends v. Bowen
United States District Court for the District of Columbia
722 F. Supp. 787 (1989)
- Written by Elliot Stern, JD
Facts
In 1976, the National Institute of Health (NIH) (defendant) published guidelines setting forth safety and environmental standards for NIH-sponsored rDNA research. In 1977, the NIH published an environmental-impact statement (EIS) that evaluated the likely consequences of research conducted under the 1976 guidelines, concluding that the guidelines would protect against many possible harms from rDNA research. The EIS also stated that the guidelines should be flexible to account for the environmental impact of new biological developments. In the years after publishing the 1976 guidelines, the NIH periodically relaxed the guidelines based on the lack of apparent environmental harms and new research. The Foundation on Economic Trends (the foundation) (plaintiff) sued the NIH to enjoin further NIH support for several areas of research until the NIH completed a new EIS to supplement the 1977 EIS. Specifically, the foundation pointed to three new areas of research that had not been evaluated under the 1977 EIS. The NIH addressed each of the foundation’s concerns, contending that no new EIS was necessary. Regarding the concern that oncogenic viruses introduced into E. coli could reproduce, the NIH argued that the use of oncogenes did not present greater risks than other forms of cloning and that it was nearly impossible for a viral segment to create a virus. The NIH noted that the decision to remove the ban on research with oncogenic viruses had been made after an in-depth expert analysis, public hearings, and scientific comment. Regarding the concern over genetically engineering HIV cells into new host cells, the NIH noted that because humans were already susceptible to HIV, engineering HIV cells did not increase the range of hosts susceptible to HIV. Finally, the NIH pointed to specific safeguards in the NIH guidelines ensuring that the genetic engineering of AIDS in mice could not pose harm to humans exposed to the mice, because the safeguards ensured that the mice could not escape the controlled environment.
Rule of Law
Issue
Holding and Reasoning (Revercomb, J.)
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