Martin v. Behr Dayton Thermal Products LLC

896 F.3d 405 (2018)

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Martin v. Behr Dayton Thermal Products LLC

United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit
896 F.3d 405 (2018)

  • Written by Liz Nakamura, JD

Facts

Behr Dayton Thermal Products LLC (Behr) (defendant) allegedly contaminated the groundwater in the McCook Field low-income neighborhood in Ohio. Terry Martin (plaintiff), along with other McCook Field property owners, brought a toxic-tort lawsuit against Behr and sought class certification under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 23(b)(3) as to liability only. The district court refused to certify the property owners’ case as a Rule 23(b)(3) class action, holding that the property owners’ individual issues predominated over common questions; however, the court certified seven issues for issue-class treatment under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 23(c)(4). For the seven identified issue-classes, the property owners shared a common question that could be resolved for all by a common answer. Behr appealed the issue-class certification order, arguing that the court could not certify issue-classes under Rule 23(c)(4) if the entire toxic-tort liability case did not pass the common-question predominance requirement of Rule 23(b)(3).

Rule of Law

Issue

Holding and Reasoning (Stranch, J.)

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Casebooks

Advanced Civil Procedure

Key Terms

  • Class ActionA suit brought by one or more individuals, acting as representative parties, on behalf of all members of a much larger group, called a class. A class is normally the plaintiff in a case, but defendant class actions are permitted.
  • Toxic TortA claim based on harm caused by a dangerous substance.
  • Fed. R. Civ. P. 23(b)(3)A rule of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure allowing a class action to be maintained if the prerequisites of Rule 23(a) are met and the court finds that: (1) common issues of fact or law predominate over issues affecting individual class members and (2) resolution as a class is superior to other forms of adjudication.
  • Fed. R. Civ. P. 23(c)(4)A rule of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure allowing a class action to be maintained on particular issues within a case even if the case as a whole does not qualify for class certification. Class actions under Rule 23(c)(4) can be referred to as issue-classes.

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