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United States v. Stavroulakis

United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit

952 F.2d 686 (1992)

Facts

Nick Stavroulakis (defendant) met an undercover Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) agent, David Maniquis, at the direction of a government informant. Maniquis told Stavroulakis that he wanted to launder cash earned from narcotics sales. Stavroulakis agreed to help Maniquis launder his money. Stavroulakis recruited an acquaintance, Kostas Giziakis, who worked as an officer at a bank, to help launder money. Stavroulakis told Giziakis that the money to be laundered was derived from an illegal gambling operation because he thought Giziakis would object to laundering drug money. Stavroulakis, Maniquis, and Giziakis all met at a branch of Giziakis’s bank. The three men worked out the plan to launder the money under the premise that the money was from gambling. Later, the three met again at Giziakis’s bank. Maniquis gave Giziakis the first portion of cash. Stavroulakis opened an account in which to deposit the money. The plan to launder money had commenced. Stavroulakis was charged under 18 U.S.C. § 371 and convicted of conspiracy to violate the federal money-laundering statute, 18 U.S.C. § 1956. Stavroulakis appealed to the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit.

Rule of Law

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Holding and Reasoning (McLaughlin, J.)

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