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United States ex rel. Toth v. Quarles

350 U.S. 11 (1955)

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United States ex rel. Toth v. Quarles

United States Supreme Court
350 U.S. 11 (1955)

Facts

Robert Toth (defendant) was honorably discharged from the United States Air Force and became a civilian. Toth had no continuing relationship with the military. Five months after he was discharged, Toth was arrested by military authorities and charged with murder. The murder had allegedly occurred while Toth was on active duty and stationed in Korea. The United States civilian courts lacked jurisdiction to hear the charges because the murder had occurred in a different country. However, a federal statute allowed former servicemembers to be court-martialed for crimes that occurred while the servicemembers were in the service. Under this statutory authority, a court-martial was convened to hear the charges against Toth. Toth contested the constitutionality of the statute and the court-martial, arguing that a military court could never constitutionally exercise personal jurisdiction over a civilian. The United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit found that the court-martial could exercise personal jurisdiction over Toth in these circumstances. The United States Supreme Court agreed to review the matter.

Rule of Law

Issue

Holding and Reasoning (Black, J.)

Dissent (Reed, J.)

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Casebooks

Military Law

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