A driver worked for a package delivery service. While hiking one weekend, she was bitten by a tick and contracted Lyme disease, a bacterial infection that can cause a range of debilitating symptoms. The driver’s symptoms included dizziness, shortness of breath, and severe swelling in her knees and shoulders.

The infection made the driver unable to do her job. She missed two days of work, and her symptoms worsened. On the third day, she was admitted to the hospital for an overnight stay. When...