Immigration officials’ detection of noncitizens’ violations of the immigration laws outside of border areas occurs in two main ways. First, outside of the immediate border areas but within 100 air miles of the border, CBP uses fixed vehicle checkpoints and roving border patrols. Second, anywhere else within the United States, ICE has various ways of detecting noncitizens unlawfully present within the United States.

I. Immigration Checkpoints within 100 Miles of the Border

In United States...