The use of performance-enhancing drugs in sports, known as doping, is considered a form of cheating. Doping is a key factor in an athlete’s eligibility to play sports because athletes who are found to be using prohibited drugs may face a variety of sanctions or legal repercussions, ranging from a temporary or lifetime ban from sports to imprisonment.

I. Justification for Drug Testing

Sports leagues and sport governing bodies justify drug testing programs for four main reasons, including:...