High schools and colleges may require student athletes to take drug tests to verify whether the athletes are eligible to participate in sports. Let’s look at some of the different rights student athletes may have when a drug test is administered by a state actor, such as a high school district, rather than a private actor, such as the National Collegiate Athletic Association.

I. High School Drug Testing

In the 1980s, officials at the Vernonia, Oregon, school district found that many students...